Supplement Intelligence

The path through the
supplement jungle.

Which supplements have clinical evidence for chronic conditions? Which products deliver them without filler? And how do you build a stack that doesn't overlap. Doctor-reviewed. Independent. No affiliate links.

PathomechanismCompoundEvidenceProduct
Evidence Ladder Compound Scorecards Stack Reviews Price Transparency Manufacturer Intelligence Expert Chat

Supplement marketing is broken.

ConsumerLab tests for contamination. Examine.com aggregates studies. Nobody tells you which products deliver clinical-dose compounds without the filler you already take — or what a compound actually costs vs. its marketing label.

ConsumerLabExamine.comcloselook.health
Purity testing
Study aggregation
Evidence-level scoringPartial✓ 5-Level Ladder
Product stack reviews✓ Condition-specific
Purity score (filler analysis)✓ ★-Rating
Price-per-compound transparency
Doctor-reviewedLab teamEditorial✓ Physician
Zero supplement/pharma ads
Overlap/interaction warnings

Condition, Compound & Manufacturer.

We analyze from three sides: from the chronic condition to the effective supplement, from the supplement to the clinical evidence — and from the manufacturer to the supply chain behind the label.

Dimension A

Condition → Supplement

Which compounds have clinical evidence for specific chronic conditions? Which products deliver them in the right dose and form? How do you build a stack without overlap?

Chronic Condition Pathomechanism Compound Evidence Level Product Review

Dimension B

Compound → Evidence

What does the research say about a specific supplement? For which conditions is there data? Which product delivers it in the studied form — and what does the compound cost vs. the marketing?

Compound Study Landscape Evidence Ladder Dosage Price Transparency

Dimension C

Manufacturer → Supply Chain

Who actually produces what you take? Own production or white-label? Branded raw materials or bulk imports? EU-certified or self-declared? The manufacturer profile reveals whether you pay for formulation — or for marketing.

Manufacturer Business Model Sourcing Certification Price Transparency

Chronic Conditions.

Systematic analysis of age-related chronic conditions where long-term supplementation can make an evidence-based contribution. No acute conditions.

👁

Eye Health

Glaucoma, AMD (dry & wet), cataracts, ocular microcirculation, digital eye strain

3 Mechanisms9 Products AnalyzedStack Recommendation
❤️

Heart & Vasculature

Endothelial function, atherosclerosis, blood pressure, homocysteine, lipid profile, vascular elasticity

Omega-3CoQ10MagnesiumK2
🧠

Neurodegeneration

Cognitive aging, neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's prevention, mitochondrial dysfunction in CNS

Lithium (low-dose)Omega-3 DHAB-Vitamins
🦴

Joints & Bones

Osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, collagen metabolism, chronic joint inflammation

CollagenVitamin D3/K2Curcumin
🔬

Metabolic Syndrome

Insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes prevention, visceral fat, blood sugar regulation

BerberineMetforminChromium
🛡

Immunosenescence

Age-related immune decline, chronic low-grade inflammation, senolytics

QuercetinFisetinVitamin D3

Longevity Compounds.

Individual compound analyses. Study landscape, dosage, bioavailability, product comparison, price transparency. Every compound becomes a scorecard.

Lithium (Low-Dose)
Neuroprotection, telomere length, mood. Microdosing 1–5mg.
L3–L4
Lutein & Zeaxanthin
Macular pigment, blue light protection. AREDS2 gold standard.
L5
L-Methylfolate
Active B9, homocysteine reduction. MTHFR bypass. Quatrefolic® vs. calcium salt.
L4
Omega-3 (EPA/DHA)
Cardiovascular, neuronal, retinal. Triglyceride form vs. ethyl ester.
L5
Astaxanthin
10× stronger than zeaxanthin. Crosses blood-retina barrier.
L3–L4
Magnesium
Vascular relaxation, sleep, 300+ enzymatic reactions.
L4–L5
Saffron
Crocin/safranal. Retina, mood, IOP reduction. 30mg/day.
L4
Spermidine
Autophagy induction, cardiovascular, cognitive.
L3–L4
Nicotinamide (B3)
NAD+ precursor, mitochondrial rescue of retinal ganglion cells.
L4
Taurine
Multi-system longevity. Columbia study 2023.
L2–L3
Vitamin D3 + K2
Bone, immune, calcium steering. D3/K2 MK-7 synergy.
L5
Curcumin
Anti-inflammatory. Bioavailability is the core problem.
L3–L4

Compound ratings at a glance.

Updated quarterly. Each compound rated on evidence, safety, applicability, and overall assessment. Every entry doctor-reviewed.

Longevity Scorecard — Q1 2026

Doctor-Reviewed
CompoundPrimary ClaimEvidenceRating
MetforminHealthspan extension, TAME trialL4A
RapamycinmTOR inhibition, immunosenescenceL3B+
NMNNAD+ precursor, cellular energyL3B
SpermidineAutophagy induction, cognitiveL4A-
TaurineMulti-system longevity, ColumbiaL2–3B-
ResveratrolSirtuin activation, Sinclair thesisL2C+

Evidence Ladder.

Five levels of scientific evidence. Every compound rated per indication. No marketing claims — only published research.

L5
Human RCT ConfirmedRandomized controlled trials with clinically meaningful endpoints.
L4
Human Trial DataHuman studies with biomarker or surrogate endpoints.
L3
Strong Animal + MechanismRobust animal data with understood molecular mechanisms.
L2
Animal Data OnlyPromising model organism results, limited mechanistic understanding.
L1
In Vitro / TheoreticalCell studies, computational models, theoretical mechanisms only.

Purity Score

How focused is the product on its target indication? Products packing general vitamins receive a penalty — informed supplementers risk duplication with their baseline stack.

★★★★★Pure target compounds. No general vitamins. Ideal for stackers.
★★★Mixed product. Some target compounds but significant general filler.
★★Multivitamin with condition label. High baseline overlap.

Price Per Compound

What does the active ingredient cost vs. what does the marketing cost? Quatrefolic® L-methylfolate costs the same whether it's in a €5 B-complex or a €97 "medical food." We normalize to price per day per core compound.

Eye Health: The Optimal Stack

Three pathomechanisms. Three specialized products. Zero overlap. Zero general-vitamin filler.

C+ Exclusive
MechanismProductCore CompoundsEvidence€/mo.
Macula & RetinaLife Extension MacuGuard + AstaxanthinLutein 10mg, Meso-Z + Z 4mg, Saffron 20mg, Astaxanthin 6mgL4–L5~€20
Eye Pressure (IOP)Life Extension Eye Pressure SupportBilberry 80mg (Mirtoselect®) + Pine Bark 40mg (Pycnogenol®)L4~€12
Microcirculation & HcySunday Natural B-Complex Extra ForteL-Methylfolate, B12 MH3A®, Nicotinamide, Citicoline, NADHL4~€9
Total cost, optimal stack
Three mechanisms · Branded raw materials · Zero filler
~€41/mo.

For comparison: Nutravision (Australia) costs ~€45/mo. with underdosed carotenoids. Ocufolin® forte costs ~€30/mo. and covers only the homocysteine pathway. PreserVision AREDS2 overlaps with every multivitamin. Full review with 9 products →

What people actually buy.

Popularity is not evidence. But knowing what the market buys — and how it compares to clinical evidence — reveals where marketing wins over science.

Popularity Ranking

ConsumerLab Survey 2025 · 8,400+ users
#1Vitamin D69.9%L5
#2Magnesium59.5%L4–5
#3Fish Oil / Omega-348.6%L5
#4CoQ10L4
#5ProbioticsL3–4
#6Vitamin CL4
#7Multivitamins70% usageL2–3
#8CollagenL3
#9ZincL4
#10B-VitaminsL4–5

Fastest Growing

Year-over-Year Change · 2024
Biotin+9.9 ppL4
Potassium+6.3 ppL4
Prebiotics+5.9 ppL3
Berberine+2.1 ppL3–4
Magnesium+1.6 ppL4–5
CreatinerisingL4
PQQ-4.2 ppL2–3
Quercetin-2.2 ppL3
Vitamin B-12-2.0 ppL5

Amazon US — Revenue by Category

12 months ending Aug 2023 · Amazon channel data
Protein & Meal Replacement
$1.6B
Prebiotics & Probiotics
$776M
Multivitamins
$683M
Omega-3 / Fish Oil
est.
Vitamin D3
est.
Magnesium
est.
Collagen
est.
🎯
The closelook perspective. The top 3 — Vitamin D, Magnesium, Omega-3 — have strong evidence (L4–L5) and deserve their position. But Multivitamins (#7 by usage, #3 by Amazon revenue) remain L2–L3 at best for most claims. Collagen is surging on TikTok but sits at L3 for longevity. And the fastest-growing supplement — Biotin — is largely unnecessary for people without diagnosed deficiency. Popularity ≠ Evidence. That's why we rate both.

Not all Magnesium is the same.

Hitlist #2 worldwide. But which form? For which condition? At what dose? The form determines whether you're supplementing your brain, your gut, or your toilet. One compound, six realities.

Magnesium L-Threonate

Brain-Specific

Cognitive Function · Neuroprotection · Memory

BioavailabilityHigh (CNS)
GI ToleranceExcellent
Clinical Dose144mg elem. (2g Magtein®)
EvidenceL3–4

Only form proven to cross the blood-brain barrier effectively. Branded as Magtein®. Low elemental Mg per capsule — not a general Mg replacement.

Magnesium Taurate

Cardiovascular

Blood Pressure · Heart Rhythm · Vascular Health

BioavailabilityGood
GI ToleranceExcellent
Clinical Dose200–400mg elem.
EvidenceL3–4

Taurine carrier adds cardiovascular benefit. Synergy between Mg and taurine for blood pressure and arrhythmia. Underrated form.

Magnesium Citrate

General Purpose

General Deficiency · Digestion · Constipation

BioavailabilityGood
GI ToleranceModerate
Clinical Dose200–400mg elem.
EvidenceL4

Decent absorption. Osmotic laxative effect at higher doses — feature or bug depending on your goal. Widely available, affordable.

Magnesium Malate

Energy & Muscle

Energy Production · Muscle Pain · Fibromyalgia

BioavailabilityGood
GI ToleranceGood
Clinical Dose200–400mg elem.
EvidenceL3

Malic acid supports ATP production. Preferred morning form for people with fatigue. Limited but promising data for fibromyalgia.

Magnesium Oxide

Avoid

Budget Products · Drugstore Standard · Antacids

BioavailabilityPoor (4%)
GI TolerancePoor
Clinical DosePoorly absorbed
EvidenceL4

~4% bioavailability. High elemental Mg on the label, very little absorbed. The form in most drugstore and budget products. Looks good on paper, performs poorly in practice.

Magnesium — Top Products Compared

Doctor-Reviewed
Product Form(s) Elem. Mg Dose/Day Purity €/mo. Manufacturer
NOW Magnesium Glycinatenowfoods.com · iHerb Glycinate 200mg 2 tabs ★★★★★ ~€8 NOW Foods 🇺🇸
Life Extension Neuro-Maglifeextension.com L-Threonate (Magtein®) 144mg 3 caps ★★★★★ ~€18 Life Extension 🇺🇸
Sunday Natural Mg-Komplexsunday.de Glycinate + Citrate + Malate 300mg 3 caps ★★★★ ~€10 Sunday Natural 🇩🇪
Thorne Magnesium Bisglycinatethorne.com Bisglycinate 200mg 2 caps ★★★★★ ~€14 Thorne 🇺🇸
Pure Encapsulations Mg GlycinatePharmacy / Practitioner Glycinate 120mg 1–3 caps ★★★★★ ~€16 Pure Enc. 🇺🇸/🇦🇹
Cardiovascular Research Mg TaurateiHerb · Amazon Taurate 125mg 2–3 tabs ★★★★★ ~€12 Ecological Formulas 🇺🇸
Doppelherz Magnesium 400DM / Rossmann / Amazon Oxide 400mg (label) 1 tab ★★ ~€4 Queisser Pharma 🇩🇪

Price estimates based on standard pack sizes at time of research. Elemental Mg = actual magnesium absorbed, not compound weight. Purity Score reflects focus on target compound vs. filler. Doctor-reviewed Q1 2026.

Quick Decision Guide

General deficiency, sleep, stress?Glycinate. Evening dose.
Cognitive focus, neuroprotection?L-Threonate (Magtein®). Not a full Mg replacement.
Blood pressure, heart rhythm?Taurate. Combine with CoQ10 if cardiovascular.
Fatigue, muscle pain?Malate. Morning dose.
Budget, constipation a feature?Citrate. Reliable and cheap.
Drugstore "Magnesium 400"?Almost certainly Oxide. ~4% absorbed. Skip it.
Coming Next
Vitamin D3 + K2 Omega-3 (EPA/DHA) Probiotics Collagen B-Vitamins CoQ10

Beyond generic advice.

General guides tell you which form of Magnesium to take. They can't tell you whether it conflicts with your existing stack, your medication, or your specific condition. That's where a human expert comes in.

Compound Guides

Free

Form comparison, product tables, decision guides. Updated quarterly. Everything on this page.

Stack Intelligence

C+ Exclusive

Condition-specific stack reviews. Overlap warnings. Price transparency across full stacks. Like the Eye Health review — for every condition.

Expert Chat

Coming 2026

Personalized stack review by a longevity physician. Your supplements, your conditions, your medications — one conversation. Not an AI chatbot. A doctor who reads your labs.

✓ Individual stack analysis ✓ Interaction & overlap check ✓ Condition-specific dosing ✓ Physician-reviewed response
Expert Chat
I take Mg glycinate 200mg, Omega-3 2g, Vitamin D 4000IU, and Lutein 10mg. I have slightly elevated blood pressure and early-stage glaucoma. Am I missing anything?
Dr. LookConsider adding Mg taurate (swap or split with glycinate) — taurine has specific blood pressure and IOP evidence. Your Lutein dose is good but add Zeaxanthin 4mg + Saffron 30mg for glaucoma. Check your Omega-3 EPA:DHA ratio — for IOP, higher DHA is preferred. Full analysis below…

Who actually makes your supplements?

Own production or white-label? Branded raw materials or Chinese bulk? EU-certified or US-GMP? Amazon SEO brand or 30-year compounder? Nobody maps this. We do.

🏭

Business Model

Own Production White-Label / Contract Reseller / Marketeer SEO Brand Hybrid
🌍

Scale & Reach

Global Player EU Mid-Cap National Niche Pharmacy-Exclusive
🔬

Sourcing & Origin

Branded Raw Materials EU / US Sourced India / China Bulk Undisclosed

Certification

NSF / Informed Sport cGMP / ISO 22000 EU-EFSA Compliant None / Self-Declared
💰

Price Position

Premium-Medical Quality-Value Budget / Mass-Market Luxury-Marketing
🛒

Distribution

Own D2C Shop Amazon Seller / FBA Pharmacy / Practitioner MLM / Network

Manufacturer Profiles — Sample

In Development
Manufacturer Model Scale Sourcing Certification Price Channel
Life Extension🇺🇸 Florida Own + Contract Global Branded RM cGMP, NSF Quality-Value D2C, Amazon, iHerb
Thorne🇺🇸 New York Own Production Global Branded RM cGMP, NSF, TGA Premium-Medical D2C, Practitioner
Sunday Natural🇩🇪 Berlin Hybrid EU Mid-Cap EU + Branded ISO 22000, HACCP Quality-Value D2C
Pure Encapsulations🇺🇸 / 🇦🇹 Nestlé Health Own Production Global Branded RM cGMP, Hypoallergenic Premium-Medical Practitioner, Pharmacy
NOW Foods🇺🇸 Illinois Own Production Global Mixed cGMP, NPA Budget Amazon, Retail, iHerb
Piping Rock🇺🇸 New York · 3rd Gen. Hybrid Multi-Brand Global Mixed / Undisclosed US-FDA GMP Budget-Value D2C, Amazon, Walmart, Retail
NutriVision Pro*🇩🇪 Amazon Seller SEO Brand National Undisclosed Self-Declared Mass-Market Amazon FBA only

* Fictional composite example. Represents the typical profile of Amazon-native supplement brands with no disclosed production facility or raw material sourcing. Full manufacturer database in development.

💡
Why this matters. The same Quatrefolic® L-methylfolate costs a contract manufacturer roughly the same whether it ends up in a €5 generic B-complex or a €97 "medical food." The manufacturer profile reveals whether you're paying for formulation expertise — or for Instagram ads and Amazon PPC.

Retailers & Marketplaces.

Not every shop that sells supplements is a manufacturer. Some are pure marketplaces. Some mix own brands with third-party products. The channel determines price, curation, and transparency.

🏪

Channel Type

Manufacturer D2C Curated Multi-Brand Open Marketplace Pharmacy / Practitioner
🏷

Own Brands?

No — Pure Retailer Yes — Plus Third-Party Primarily Own Brand White-Label Heavy
🔎

Curation & Trust

Expert-Curated Quality Gate / Testing Algorithmic / SEO-Driven No Curation / Open Listing

Retailer & Marketplace Profiles — Sample

In Development
Retailer Type Own Brands Reach Curation Price Level Key Trait
iHerb🇺🇸 California · Global Shipping Multi-Brand + Own California Gold Global · 185 countries Quality Gate Value Largest global supplement e-tailer. Own brands compete with listed brands.
Amazon🇺🇸 / 🇩🇪 / Global Open Marketplace Solimo, Amazon Elements Global No Curation All Segments Zero quality gate. SEO brands flourish. Reviews gameable. Caveat emptor.
Vitaminexpress🇦🇹 Austria · EU Focus Curated Multi-Brand VitaminExpress Own EU (DACH focus) Expert-Curated Mid–Premium Premium multi-brand selection plus own formulations. EU-compliant.
Life Extension🇺🇸 Florida Manufacturer D2C 100% Own Global Science-Driven Quality-Value Pure D2C plus wholesale. Only own products. Research-backed formulations.
Sunday Natural🇩🇪 Berlin Manufacturer D2C 100% Own EU Formulation-Focused Quality-Value D2C only. No Amazon. Branded raw materials. Clean label positioning.
DocMorris / Shop Apotheke🇩🇪 / 🇳🇱 EU Online Pharmacy Pharmacy Marketplace Some Private Label EU (DACH focus) Regulated Mid-Range Pharmacy trust signal. Mixed with OTC drugs. Limited specialist curation.
Piping Rock Shop🇺🇸 pipingrock.com Manufacturer D2C Multi-Brand (Own) Global · 170 countries Volume-Driven Budget-Value D2C but 3,000+ SKUs across own brands. Volume-over-depth model.
⚠️
The blurred line. iHerb sells Life Extension — but also its own California Gold Nutrition, produced by contract manufacturers. Amazon lists Thorne next to unverifiable SEO brands. Piping Rock's own shop sells only own brands — but under six different names. The retailer is not the manufacturer. Knowing both is the point.

How we work.

Every review follows the same structured process. No manufacturer sponsorship. No affiliate revenue from supplement brands.

1

Mechanism Mapping

Identify the pathomechanisms of a chronic condition. Which biological pathways are therapeutically addressable?

2

Compound Screening

Systematic literature review. Only compounds with published evidence from human studies (≥L3) are included.

3

Product Analysis

Supplement facts dissected. Dosage, compound form, branded raw material, general filler, price per compound.

4

Medical Review

Every review checked for medical accuracy by a physician. Doctor's Notes add clinical context.

Independent. Doctor-reviewed.

Closelook@Health receives no commissions, affiliate revenue, or sponsorships from supplement manufacturers.

Medical Review
Dr. Look

Specialist in anti-aging & preventive medicine. Responsible for medical review of all analyses, evidence ladder classification, and doctor's notes.

Research & Analysis
Thomas Look

Closelook Venture GmbH. Product analysis, price transparency, stack logic. The same analytical depth that Closelook readers know from financial market research.

Ecosystem
publishing
Substack
engine
closelook.net
intelligence
closelook.health

Important Notice

Closelook@Health is an independent editorial product. Our analyses do not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If you have existing conditions, consult your physician. Referenced studies relate to the named compounds and do not represent therapeutic claims for the named products. We receive no compensation from the manufacturers analyzed. All prices are approximate and may vary.